fibrátokkal

Fibrátok, often referred to as fibrates, are a class of lipid-lowering medications used primarily to treat dyslipidemia. They work by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), specifically PPAR-alpha, which are nuclear receptors found in various tissues, including the liver, heart, and muscle. This activation influences gene expression related to lipid metabolism.

The primary effect of fibrates is to lower triglyceride levels. They achieve this by increasing the activity of lipoprotein lipase, an enzyme that breaks down triglycerides in the blood. Fibrates also reduce the production of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) by the liver, which are the main carriers of triglycerides. Additionally, they can modestly increase levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, often termed "good cholesterol," and may slightly decrease low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, or "bad cholesterol."

Fibrates are commonly prescribed for individuals with hypertriglyceridemia, particularly when triglyceride levels are very high, as this can increase the risk of pancreatitis. They are also used in patients with mixed dyslipidemia, characterized by elevated triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol. Common examples of fibrates include gemfibrozil, fenofibrate, and bezafibrate.

While generally well-tolerated, fibrates can cause side effects. Gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea and diarrhea are relatively common. Muscle-related side effects, including myalgia (muscle pain) and, in rare cases, rhabdomyolysis (severe muscle breakdown), can occur, especially when combined with statins. Liver enzyme elevations are also monitored.