fetale

Fetale is the adjective used in several Romance languages, notably Italian, to denote something related to the fetus, the developing human organism from approximately the ninth week of gestation until birth. The term derives from Latin fetalis, from fetus meaning offspring or unborn young. In English, the equivalent term is fetal.

Gestation extends about 40 weeks from the last menstrual period. During the fetal period, organ systems mature, reflexes emerge, and growth accelerates, particularly in the second and third trimesters. By around week 28 the fetus assumes a more ready posture for extrauterine life, though full viability is usually achieved closer to week 37–40.

Prenatal care relies on fetal assessment to monitor health and development. Ultrasound is the primary imaging tool, used for dating, growth measurement, anatomy surveys, and placental position. Fetal echocardiography can evaluate heart structure, while noninvasive tests assess oxygenation and well-being in high-risk pregnancies.

Fetal health concerns may include growth restriction, congenital anomalies, or distress due to placental problems or maternal conditions. Early detection through screening allows management decisions during pregnancy and planning for delivery and postnatal care.

Terminology varies by language; fetale and fetalis appear in Latin- and Romance-language medical literature, while English uses fetal. The term is not a separate medical condition but a descriptor of fetal development and related clinical considerations.