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Faszyzm, or fascism, is a far-right, ultranationalist, authoritarian political ideology that emphasizes the primacy of the nation or a collective will, often expressed through a single charismatic leader and a one‑party state. The term derives from fasces, a symbol of unified authority in ancient Rome. In fascist thought, individual rights are subordinated to the perceived needs of the state and the national community.

Core features commonly associated with fascism include anti-liberalism and anti-democratic sentiment, centralized political power, and a sovereign state that mobilizes society through mass movements and propaganda. Fascism stresses militarism, discipline, and sacrifice for the nation, along with intense nationalism and often xenophobia or racism. It typically rejects parliamentary pluralism, liberal rights, and socialist or liberal economic ideals, while endorsing a state-directed economy that may tolerate private property but tightly controls production and industry through corporatist organizations and state intervention. Acult of leadership, youth organizations, suppression of dissent, and the use of violence or paramilitary forces are frequent tools.

Historically, fascism rose in Italy under Benito Mussolini after World War I and spread to other parts of Europe, most notably Germany under Adolf Hitler. While there are variations, regimes described as fascist often exercised totalitarian-level control, pursued expansionist aims, and used propaganda and censorship to maintain power. In scholarship, fascism is frequently distinguished from other ideologies but is also described as a broader family of movements with shared tendencies. Today, the term is used both descriptively by historians and as a polemic in political discourse, with ongoing debates about its definitions and relevance to contemporary movements.