farright

Far-right is a term used to describe ideologies, movements, and actors that occupy the extreme end of the right wing of the political spectrum. In political discourse, far-right ideologies are frequently associated with ethno-nationalism, strong centralized authority, anti-immigration or xenophobic rhetoric, skepticism or hostility toward liberal democracy and pluralism, and a preference for social hierarchy or traditional authority. Some currents also advocate or tolerate violence, intimidation, or coercive measures, while others pursue influence through political participation and organization.

The spectrum includes fascist, neo-fascist, white nationalist, ethno-nationalist, and ultra-nationalist variants, as well as certain nationalist, anti-globalization, or anti-elite movements that frame immigration and globalization as existential threats. It is important to distinguish far-right from mainstream right-wing politics; many conservatives and center-right parties reject far-right ideals and operate within democratic norms.

Usage of the term is highly context-dependent and varies by country and era. Some scholars use it as an analytic category to describe ideological tendencies at the extreme end of the right; others criticize it as imprecise or laden with normative judgments. In practice, the label is applied to groups or movements that seek to redefine the political order along exclusionary lines and that mobilize around national or ethnic identity.

Historically, far-right movements have ranged from early- to mid-20th century fascism to contemporary nationalist and extremist networks. In modern contexts, far-right actors employ propaganda, online networks, political campaigning, and, in some cases, violence or intimidation to advance their aims.