fastgørelseselementer

Fastgørelseselementer, or fastening elements, are mechanical devices used to join or secure components in construction, manufacturing and engineering. They range from simple nuts and bolts to complex inserts, studs, and weldable connectors. The term emphasizes the function of holding parts together under static and dynamic loads.

Common categories include screwdown fasteners such as hexagonal bolts, bolt-and-nut combinations, and self‑tapping screws; threaded rods and studs for rod‑to‑rod connections; and intermittent fastners such as rivets, which provide a permanent bond after activation. Composite fasteners, made of nylon or polymer, are used when corrosion resistance and weight reduction are priorities. Energy‑absorbing fasteners, such as safety pins and snap‑fasteners, are adopted in automotive and aerospace applications where impact tolerance is essential.

Materials vary widely, with stainless steel, alloy steel, aluminum and titanium alloys dominating structural use due to their high strength and fatigue resistance. Coatings—phosphate, zinc galvanization, or epoxy—protect against corrosion, while surface treatments such as carburization or nitriding increase hardness and wear resistance.

Fastgørelseselementer must comply with national and international standards, such as DIN 799 from Germany, EN 10204 from Europe, ASTM A325 from the United States, and JIS B 0868 from Japan. Design of fasteners involves consideration of shear, bearing, uplift, and torsional loads, often evaluated using the ISO 898 or ISO 3993 equations. Proper selection requires knowledge of geometry, material properties, and environmental factors, and it is a critical aspect of structural safety and reliability.