extrinsisk

Extrinsisk is an adjective used in Norwegian and some other Scandinavian languages to denote something that originates outside or is caused by external factors; it is the counterpart of intrinsisk (intrinsic). The term is applied across disciplines to distinguish external origins, causes, or properties from those inherent to the object itself.

In philosophy and ethics, extrinsisk value refers to value that depends on external factors or outcomes, such as usefulness, social consequences, or relational context, rather than the thing’s own nature. In psychology, extrinsisk motivation describes behavior driven by external rewards or pressures, such as money, grades, or praise, as opposed to intrinsic motivation which arises from internal satisfaction or interest.

In the sciences and engineering, extrinsic factors or properties describe aspects influenced by the environment or external conditions. For example, in materials science, dopants can confer extrinsic electrical conductivity, while in physics external fields can produce extrinsic effects on a system. The distinction also appears in environmental studies and policy analysis, where external incentives or conditions shape outcomes.

Usage of extrinsisk helps analyze how much of a cause, effect, or value depends on external context versus the object’s inherent characteristics. Critics note that the boundary between extrinsic and intrinsic can be nuanced, as external factors often interact with intrinsic qualities.

See also: intrinsic, extrinsic motivation, extrinsic value.