extraversionintroversion

Extraversion and introversion describe a temperament dimension in personality psychology that indicates how people energize themselves and prefer to interact with others. Extraverts tend to seek social engagement and activity, while introverts prefer quieter environments and deeper reflection. These terms describe a spectrum rather than a strict dichotomy, and many people show different tendencies across situations.

Historically, Carl Jung introduced the ideas of extraversion and introversion, and the concepts have since been integrated into major personality models, including the Big Five, where extraversion is a core trait. In everyday speech, extroversion is often associated with sociability, talkativeness, and assertiveness, whereas introversion is linked to reservedness, thoughtfulness, and a preference for solitude or small groups. Ambiversion refers to individuals who exhibit both styles depending on context.

Assessment typically places a person along a continuum of extraversion. Psychology inventories such as the Big Five (BFI, NEO-PI-R) measure tendencies related to energy from social interaction, enthusiasm, and responsiveness to stimulation.

Cultural and practical considerations matter: norms influence how extraversion is expressed, and neither end guarantees success or mental health. High extraversion can aid social influence and leadership in some settings; high introversion can support concentration and deep listening in others. Critics emphasize that behavior varies by situation and that broad labels should be used with caution.