exportkészség

Exportkészség is a concept referring to the capability of an organization or economy to undertake and sustain export activities. It includes the knowledge, processes, and resources needed to identify foreign market opportunities, adapt products and services to different regulatory and cultural contexts, and manage the complexities of cross-border trade. While often used at firm level to describe a company's readiness to export, the term can also describe national or regional capacities to support export-oriented growth.

Key components include market intelligence, product or service adaptation, regulatory compliance, export documentation and admin, pricing and contract terms, distribution and logistics, financing and working capital management, risk management (currency, credit, political risk), and language and cross-cultural capabilities. Internal organization such as governance, export planning, and performance measurement also matter. The aim is to create a coherent capability to enter new markets and maintain long-term presence.

Assessment may use export readiness models, surveys, or metrics such as export intensity (share of total sales from exports), diversification of markets, time-to-export, and number of active foreign customers. Development often involves training, mentorship, support from public agencies or chambers of commerce, digital platforms for market information, and financial instruments to reduce entry barriers. Public policy can enhance exportkészség through export promotion programs, trade facilitation, and sector-specific strategies.

Beyond corporate growth, strong exportkészség contributes to macroeconomic resilience, productivity, and employment, particularly for SMEs. Common barriers include information gaps, high upfront costs, regulatory complexity, and currency risk. Overcoming them requires coordinated efforts by firms, financial institutions, and government agencies.