exfiltrating

Exfiltrating, in information security, refers to the unauthorized transfer of data from a computer system or network to an external location. It is a common objective of attackers during data breaches, corporate espionage, and insider threats, resulting in the exposure of personal, financial, or proprietary information.

Exfiltration can occur through a variety of channels. Network exfiltration uses internet connections or covert channels to move data out of a compromised environment. Physical exfiltration involves removable media or devices. Insider exfiltration occurs when an authorized user deliberately or unintentionally transfers data. Data can also be exfiltrated via third-party services or by embedding data within innocuous-looking communications.

Attackers may target large volumes of sensitive data or specific data categories, such as customer records, intellectual property, or credentials. Exfiltration is typically the final stage after initial access and discovery, and may be followed by monetization, exploitation, or manipulation of the stolen data.

Defenses focus on preventing and detecting exfiltration: data loss prevention systems, network monitoring, strict access controls, encryption of data at rest and in transit, data classification, and endpoint protection. Incident response planning, regular audits, and user education also play roles in reducing risk.

Legally and ethically, unauthorized exfiltration is illegal in many jurisdictions and can carry civil and criminal penalties. Legitimate data transfers require proper authorization, clear purpose, and robust safeguards to protect privacy and sensitive information.

See also: data breach, data leakage, insider threat, data loss prevention.