endometroïde

Endometroïde, or endométrioïde in French, is a histological pattern used in pathology to describe tissue with glandular architecture that resembles normal endometrium. It is most commonly used to classify endometrioid carcinomas, a form of adenocarcinoma that demonstrates endometrium-like differentiation. Endometrioid tumors arise principally in the uterus (endometrium) but can also occur in the ovary, where ovarian endometrioid carcinoma is a subset of epithelial ovarian cancers. The endometrioid pattern may be observed in other tumor types as part of their differentiation.

Morphology and markers: Tumor glands are typically tubular or complex with columnar epithelium and may show squamous differentiation. Immunohistochemically, endometrioid tumors often express estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR). They frequently harbor mutations in PTEN, PIK3CA, and CTNNB1, and WT1 is usually negative in ovarian endometrioid carcinomas, helping to distinguish them from serous tumors. Microsatellite instability may be present in some cases.

Clinical features: Uterine endometrioid carcinoma commonly presents with abnormal uterine bleeding in perimenopausal or postmenopausal individuals. Ovarian endometrioid carcinoma presents as a pelvic mass or abdominal symptoms and may be associated with endometriosis or synchronous endometrial pathology. Prognosis is generally favorable for early-stage, well-differentiated tumors; higher grade or advanced stage worsens outcome.

Diagnosis and treatment: Diagnosis relies on histopathology of tissue obtained by biopsy or surgical specimen. Management follows guidelines for endometrial and ovarian carcinomas and typically includes surgery; adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy may be used depending on stage and grade. See also endometrioid carcinoma; endometrium; endometriosis.