endometriális

Endometriális is a term that refers to the endometrium, the mucous membrane that lines the inner uterus (méhnyálkahártya in Hungarian). The endometrium undergoes cyclic changes in response to ovarian hormones and plays a central role in reproduction. It consists of glandular epithelium, stromal tissue, and a network of blood vessels, including spiral arteries that supply the tissue during each cycle.

During the menstrual cycle, the endometrium thickens in the proliferative phase under estrogen produced by the ovaries. After ovulation, progesterone from the corpus luteum induces a secretory phase, transforming the glands and stroma to support a potential pregnancy. If fertilization does not occur, hormone levels fall and the functional layer of the endometrium is shed as menstruation. If pregnancy takes place, placental hormones help maintain the endometrium to support the developing embryo.

Clinical relevance includes a range of endometrial conditions. Endometrial hyperplasia denotes abnormal thickening of the lining and can be driven by unopposed estrogen; it carries a risk of progression to cancer. Endometrial cancer is a gynecologic malignancy associated with risk factors such as obesity, prolonged estrogen exposure, and age. Inflammation of the endometrium is referred to as endometritis and can occur after childbirth, abortion, or infection. Diagnostic approaches commonly involve transvaginal ultrasound to measure endometrial thickness and endometrial biopsy to obtain tissue for histological assessment. Treatments vary by condition and may include hormonal therapies (for example progestins or combined regimens), or surgical options in more advanced cases.