enaturalised

Enaturalised is a term used to describe a species that has been introduced to a region outside its native range and has since established a self-sustaining population. This process is distinct from simply being introduced, as enaturalisation implies that the species can reproduce and maintain its numbers without further human intervention. Once a species becomes enaturalised, it may interact with the native ecosystem in various ways, some of which can be beneficial, neutral, or detrimental.

The establishment of an enaturalised species depends on several factors, including the availability of suitable habitat, the presence of food sources, and the absence of significant natural predators or diseases that could control its population. Successful enaturalisation often occurs when the introduced species has a competitive advantage over native flora or fauna, or when the native ecosystem is already degraded or disturbed, making it more susceptible to invasion.

The term enaturalised is often used interchangeably with "introduced" or "non-native" in less formal contexts, but it specifically denotes a successful establishment and spread. While some enaturalised species have minimal impact, others can become invasive, leading to significant ecological and economic consequences. These invasive species can outcompete native species for resources, alter habitat structure, and even introduce new diseases. Understanding the process of enaturalisation is crucial for managing biodiversity and preventing the negative impacts of invasive species.