emfyzém

Emfyzém is a lung condition that causes shortness of breath. It is one of the most common forms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In a healthy person's lungs, the airways and tiny air sacs called alveoli are elastic and spring back into shape after breathing. In people with emphysema, the alveoli are damaged and lose their elasticity. This makes it harder to exhale air from the lungs.

The main cause of emphysema is long-term exposure to airborne irritants, most commonly cigarette smoke. Other causes include exposure to air pollution, chemical fumes, or dust. Emphysema typically develops slowly over many years. Symptoms may not be noticeable until significant lung damage has occurred.

Symptoms of emphysema include chronic cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness. As the condition progresses, breathing can become extremely difficult, even at rest. There is no cure for emphysema, but treatments can help manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. These treatments may include lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, medications like bronchodilators and corticosteroids, and pulmonary rehabilitation. In severe cases, oxygen therapy or surgery might be considered.