elastomaterialer

Elastomaterialer, or elastomers, are a class of synthetic or natural polymers that exhibit significant elasticity and resilience. Unlike brittle thermosets, elastomers can undergo large deformations and return to their original shape when the load is removed. Their molecular structure consists of long, flexible chain segments that can slide and conform to stress, resulting in a characteristic stress‐strain curve with a low modulus and high elongation at break.

The development of elastomers dates back to the early 20th century, with the creation of rubber synthetic polymers such as natural rubber (polyisoprene), neoprene (chloroprene polymer), and styrene–butadiene rubber. Advances in polymer chemistry introduced filled and cross‑linked monomers, enabling control over mechanical properties, weather resistance, and abrasion performance. Modern elastomers include silicone, fluororubber, nitrile, EPDM and polyurethane, each tailored for specific applications.

Applications of elastomaterialer span automotive (tire tread, seals, hoses), aerospace, industrial equipment, medical devices, and consumer goods. Their favorable properties – compressibility, self‑sealing, damping, and chemical resistance – make them indispensable for vibration isolation, soft robotics, and flexible electronics. Industrially, elastomers are processed by extrusion, compression molding, injection molding, and extrusion coating, often with additives such as fillers, plasticizers, or reinforcement fibers to enhance durability or reduce cost.

Environmental and recycling concerns drive research into bio‑based elastomers and degradable polymer blends. While natural rubber offers lower carbon footprints, synthetic elastomers can be engineered for recyclability or reduced toxicity. Overall, elastomaterialer remain a cornerstone of modern engineering and design due to their adaptability, durability, and ability to absorb mechanical energy.