elands

Elands are large African antelopes belonging to the genus Taurotragus. The two extant species are the common eland (Taurotragus oryx) and the giant eland (Taurotragus derbianus). They are among the largest members of the antelope family, with males typically larger than females. Adults commonly weigh several hundred kilograms, and the giant eland can approach or exceed 1,000 kilograms. They have a gray to brown coat, lighter underbelly, and faint vertical markings on the hindquarters; both sexes possess long, curved horns, which are more prominent in males.

Habitat and range: Elands occupy savannas, woodlands, and semi-arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa. The common eland ranges widely from West to Southern and East Africa, while the giant eland is more restricted to central and western African habitats. They are well adapted to arid and seasonal environments and can go long periods without free water, obtaining moisture from vegetation.

Behavior and diet: Elands are primarily grazers but will browse when vegetation is scarce. They form social groups, with large herds of females and young and, in some cases, bachelor groups of males. Breeding can occur year-round in favorable conditions. The species show social and territorial dynamics, with males sometimes defending groups or territories during the breeding season.

Conservation: The common eland is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN due to its wide distribution and large populations, though local declines occur. The giant eland is more threatened, listed as Vulnerable, facing pressures from habitat loss, hunting, and fragmentation. In many areas, elands persist in protected reserves and managed lands. Humans use elands for meat and hides and keep them in zoos and reserves for conservation and education.