eMTBs

An electric mountain bike (eMTB) is a bicycle designed for off-road riding that incorporates an integrated electric motor and battery to assist pedaling. The purpose is to extend range and reduce effort on steep climbs, rough terrain, and long rides while preserving the handling and frame geometry of a conventional mountain bike.

Most eMTBs use either a mid-drive motor, mounted near the bottom bracket, or a hub motor located in the rear wheel. Mid-drive systems engage through the crank and typically work with the bike's gears, offering efficient climbing and a natural feel; hub motors provide direct wheel-drive and simpler maintenance but add weight to the wheel and may affect unsprung mass.

Power and energy: Motors are typically rated around 250 watts in many markets, with higher-power options available in some regions. Batteries are lithium-ion or similar packs, usually 400–700 watt-hours, which translate to ride ranges that can vary from about 20 to 60 miles depending on terrain, assist level, rider weight, and efficiency.

Operation: Most eMTBs provide pedal-assist via sensors that detect pedaling motion or torque and supply varying levels of support. Some models include a throttle for standalone motor activation. Assistance is constrained by local regulations, commonly limiting top assisted speed.

Regulation and classes: Legal definitions differ by jurisdiction. Europe generally defines pedelecs with up to 250 W and assistance up to 25 km/h, while the United States uses Class 1–3 designations based on assist type and speed.

Design and use: eMTBs are heavier than conventional bikes, typically 20–25 kg or more, and require robust components such as stronger brakes and suspension. Markets cover cross-country, trail, enduro, and downhill styles, with price ranges widely from a few thousand to well over ten thousand dollars.

Maintenance and safety: Regular battery care, charging, software updates, and drivetrain maintenance are important. Wearing a helmet and following trail rules remain essential.