droogten

Droogten is the plural form of droogte in Dutch, typically translated as drought. In meteorology and climatology, drought refers to a prolonged period of deficient precipitation or a moisture shortage that affects natural ecosystems, agriculture, and water resources. The term droogten is used in Dutch-language texts to denote multiple drought events or extended drought periods, and it is applied across climate research, water management, and historical climatology.

Types and scope: Droughts are commonly categorized as meteorological drought (precipitation deficit), agricultural drought (soil moisture and crop needs), hydrological drought (reduced river flows, groundwater, and reservoir levels), and socioeconomic drought (when water scarcity impacts society and economy). A meteorological drought can lead to agricultural, hydrological, or socioeconomic drought depending on local conditions and management responses.

Causes and trends: Drought arises from natural variability, including atmospheric circulation patterns and El Niño–Southern Oscillation, and can be amplified by long-term climate change. The frequency, duration, and severity of droogten vary by region, season, and local water management practices.

Impacts and management: Drought affects crop yields, livestock, drinking water supplies, energy demand, ecosystems, and wildfire risk. Management strategies include water conservation, reservoir and groundwater planning, drought forecasting, and policy measures to mitigate social and economic impacts.

Measurement: Drought is monitored with indices such as the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), SPEI, and Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), along with hydrological indicators like reservoir storage and streamflow.

See also: Drought, Climate change, Water management, Drought indices.