drenázs

Drenázs refers to the removal of excess water from soil, surfaces, or built spaces to prevent waterlogging and to protect agricultural productivity, civil engineering works, and building foundations. The term is widely used in Hungarian and in several other languages to describe drainage practices and systems.

Drainage can be classified as surface drainage, which channels water away through ditches, channels, and land grading, and subsurface drainage, which uses perforated pipes, tile drains, or other below‑ground networks to lower the water table. In buildings and infrastructure, drainage also includes roof downpipes, foundation drains, and trench or substructure drainage designed to manage seepage and runoff.

Design of drenázs systems considers soil type, groundwater conditions, climate, land use, and the required moisture regime. The usual goals are to prevent waterlogging, protect root zones, control soil salinity, and relieve hydrostatic pressure on structures. Materials range from conventional pipes and channels to geosynthetic drains and natural or hybrid drainage features.

Maintenance is essential and includes clearing sediments, inspecting joints and outlets, and monitoring water levels for signs of clogging or failure. In agriculture, drainage improves crop performance; in construction, it guards foundations and roadbeds; in urban areas, it mitigates flood risk and supports stormwater management.

Environmental aspects include potential impacts on wetlands, groundwater, and nutrient transport. Modern practice often emphasizes integrated drainage strategies, such as sustainable drainage systems that combine infiltration, filtration, and careful outlet design to balance drainage needs with water quality and habitats.