dogmatism

Dogmatism is the tendency to lay down principles as indisputably true, especially without adequate consideration of evidence or opposing viewpoints. It involves asserting claims as authoritative on the basis of faith, tradition, or authority rather than empirical verification or critical examination.

The term derives from the Latin dogma, meaning that which is approved opinion or decree. Historically, dogma referred to official church doctrines regarded as unquestionably true. In modern usage, dogmatism can apply to religious, philosophical, or political beliefs when they are held with unwavering certainty and enforced as unquestionable.

In philosophy, dogmatism characterizes a stance that treats certain principles as self-evident and beyond doubt, leaving little room for revision. It is often contrasted with skepticism, empiricism, or critical rationalism. Critics view dogmatism as an obstacle to inquiry because it discourages examination of evidence and consideration of alternative viewpoints.

In religion, dogma denotes official doctrine proclaimed by an authority. The term dogmatic is frequently used pejoratively to describe rigid adherence to doctrine, though some traditions view doctrine as essential guidance. In politics and social thought, dogmatism can describe uncompromising ideological positions that resist new information or nuance.

Assessment of dogmatism varies. Some argue that a degree of doctrinal certainty provides coherence and community, while excessive dogmatism risks intolerance and stifled inquiry. Modern discourse often favors distinguishing between warranted, well-supported beliefs and uncritical, absolutist certainty. See also dogma.