dodgeballs

Dodgeballs are spherical balls used in the sport of dodgeball. They are commonly made of rubber or synthetic materials and inflated with air, giving a slightly squishy feel when thrown. The outer surface is smooth to facilitate grip and spin. Sizes typically range from about 6 to 8 inches (15 to 20 cm) in diameter; younger players may use smaller balls. Weight varies by size and material.

In play, two teams compete on a defined court. The objective is to eliminate opponents by striking them with a live ball or by making a ball contact that causes them to be out, while avoiding being hit. A player is out if struck by a ball that is not touched by a teammate; if the ball is caught by a defender, the thrower is out and sometimes previously eliminated teammates may re-enter, depending on the rules. The game ends when one team eliminates all players.

Equipment and setup: Games are played on gym floors or outdoor surfaces, using boundary lines to define the playing area. Multiple balls may be used in some versions. Proper safety measures include using compliant balls and avoiding headshots; players wear non-marking shoes; surface padding or barriers may be used to reduce injury risk.

Variants and governance: Many rule sets exist, reflecting age groups and leagues. International competition is organized by bodies such as the World Dodgeball Federation, and other regional associations coordinate national leagues. Dodgeball is not currently an Olympic sport.

History and safety: The modern dodgeball tradition developed in North America in the mid-20th century, with school and YMCA programs contributing to its spread. Safety considerations—such as the risk of impact injuries—have led to selection of softer balls for youth play and the adoption of rules that discourage head impacts; eye protection is encouraged in some leagues.