djin

Djin, also spelled djinn or djinni, are a class of supernatural beings found in Middle Eastern folklore and Islamic theology. They are believed to be created by God from smokeless fire, endowed with intelligence and free will, and they inhabit a parallel, unseen realm that coexists with human society. Djin can be benevolent, malevolent, or neutral, and their abilities and appearances vary across traditions.

In Islamic belief, djin are a distinct creation alongside humans and angels. They are mentioned in the Qur'an and regarded as capable of belief or disbelief, with free will similar to humans. They can interact with humans, travel rapidly, and assume various forms. Iblis, a djin who refused to bow to Adam, is a central figure in djin lore and was cast out by God. Some djin may be believers and follow religious guidance, while others are described as nonbelievers. Folklore also distinguishes subgroups such as ifrits, marids, and ghuls, each with different traits within regional narratives.

In folklore and popular culture, djin are often depicted as powerful beings who grant wishes, especially when bound to objects like lamps or bottles. This genie stereotype originates in traditional tales and has been widely adapted in literature and film, though it does not accurately reflect religious texts. Djin are commonly associated with deserts, ruins, and other liminal spaces, and are said to be summonable or warded off through various rituals or protective measures.

The term jinn derives from Arabic, meaning unseen or hidden beings. Spelling variants such as djin appear in English and other languages, and scholarly works examine their roles across different literatures and cultural contexts.