diodo

A diodo is a fundamental electronic component that acts as a one-way switch for electric current. Its primary characteristic is its ability to allow current to flow in only one direction while blocking it in the opposite direction. This behavior is due to its internal semiconductor structure, typically made of silicon or germanium, which is specially treated to create two distinct regions: a p-type region and an n-type region.

When a voltage is applied across the diodo in a way that pushes current from the p-type region to the n-type region, this is known as forward bias. In this state, the diodo offers very little resistance, and current flows easily. Conversely, when the voltage is reversed, so that it attempts to push current from the n-type region to the p-type region, the diodo is in reverse bias. In this condition, the diodo presents a very high resistance, effectively blocking the flow of current.

The symbol for a diodo in circuit diagrams typically consists of a line and a triangle. The triangle points in the direction of conventional current flow, indicating the path the current can take. The point where the triangle meets the line represents the anode, and the line itself represents the cathode.

Diodos have a wide range of applications in electronic circuits. They are used in rectification, converting alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC), a crucial step in power supplies for many electronic devices. They are also employed in signal demodulation, voltage regulation, switching, and as protective elements against voltage spikes. Special types of diodos, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and photodiodos, have additional functionalities related to light emission and detection, respectively.