cyclodecane

Cyclodecane is a cycloalkane with ten carbon atoms and the formula C10H20. It consists of a single ten-membered carbon ring with all carbon–carbon bonds saturated. The compound is typically a colorless liquid at room temperature and is nonpolar, making it largely insoluble in water and more soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.

Conformation and structure: The ten-membered ring is flexible and can adopt several low-energy conformations. Rapid interconversion among these conformers occurs at ambient temperatures, so the molecule behaves as a dynamically averaged shape in many measurements. This conformational flexibility reflects the relatively low ring strain associated with medium-sized rings compared with smaller cycloalkanes.

Physical properties and handling: Cyclodecane is generally characterized as a flammable, low-polarity hydrocarbon. It is stored and handled under standard laboratory or industrial precautions for hydrocarbons, with attention to ventilation and avoidance of ignition sources. It is not reactive toward water and remains relatively inert under ordinary conditions, though it can undergo radical halogenation or other functionalization under suitable reagents and catalysts.

Production and uses: The compound is commercially available and can be sourced from chemical suppliers. In research and industry, it is used as a nonpolar solvent and as a reference hydrocarbon in studies of volatility, phase behavior, and other physical properties of hydrocarbons.

Safety: As with other cycloalkanes, cyclodecane should be handled to avoid inhalation, skin contact, and fire exposure. Appropriate safety data sheets should be consulted for specific handling and disposal guidance.

See also: Cycloalkanes, cycloalkenes, cyclooctane.