csontátültetésekben

Csontátültetés, or bone grafting, is a surgical procedure used to repair or rebuild damaged bone. This involves transplanting bone tissue from one location to another. The transplanted bone can come from the patient's own body (autograft), a donor (allograft), or synthetic materials. Autografts are often preferred as they minimize the risk of rejection and immune response.

The primary purposes of bone grafting include filling bone defects caused by trauma, infection, or tumor removal, promoting the fusion of bones in spinal surgeries or fracture healing, and reconstructing bone after surgical removal of diseased tissue. The graft acts as a scaffold, encouraging new bone growth from the surrounding healthy bone. Over time, the transplanted bone is gradually replaced by the patient's own bone, a process known as creeping substitution.

Indications for bone grafting are varied and include significant bone loss, non-union of fractures, spinal fusion, dental implants, and reconstructive surgery following accidents or cancer. The success of a bone graft depends on various factors, including the patient's overall health, the size and location of the defect, the type of graft used, and proper surgical technique. Post-operative care typically involves immobilization of the grafted area to ensure stability and allow for optimal healing. Complications can include infection, graft failure, or donor site morbidity.