Csontátültetés

Csontátültetés, also known as bone grafting, is a surgical procedure used to repair or reconstruct damaged bone. It involves transplanting bone tissue from one location to another. This transplanted bone, called a graft, serves as a scaffold to encourage the body's natural bone regeneration process.

There are several types of bone grafts. Autografts are taken from the patient's own body, typically from areas like the hip, tibia, or ribs. Allografts are sourced from a deceased donor. Xenografts are derived from animal sources, most commonly cows. Synthetic bone graft substitutes are also available, which are made from materials like calcium phosphates or ceramics.

The primary indications for csontátültetés include treating fractures that are slow to heal or have not healed at all (non-unions), filling bone defects caused by trauma or surgery, and reconstructing bone lost to disease, such as cancer. It is also commonly used in dental procedures, like dental implants, and in spinal fusion surgery to help vertebrae fuse together.

The procedure involves harvesting the bone graft material and then carefully placing it into the area requiring repair. The graft integrates with the existing bone, and over time, the patient's own bone cells grow into and replace the graft material, creating a strong, solid bone structure. The success of csontátültetés depends on factors such as the patient's overall health, the size and location of the defect, and proper surgical technique.