cradleboards

Cradleboards are a traditional infant carrying device developed by Indigenous peoples of the Americas. A cradleboard consists of a rigid frame, usually wooden, that supports a fabric cradle or basket in which the infant is placed. The child is secured with soft ties or wraps and is carried on the caregiver’s back or chest; a hood, shield, or decorative elements may protect the infant from sun, wind, and cold. The design keeps the infant upright and close to the caregiver, allowing mobility while providing support for the head and spine.

Construction and use vary by culture but share common features: a flat or curved board, a fabric pocket, and ties or straps. Cradleboards are documented among many Indigenous groups in North America—including the Navajo, Hopi, Apache, Pueblo, and Cree—as well as in some Andean and other cultures. Decoration such as beadwork, quillwork, or painting often reflects regional identity. They can be carried on the back or the chest, and the period of use ranges from newborn to several months or up to a year, depending on tradition.

Historical role and contemporary presence: cradleboards enabled caregivers to move freely while keeping infants protected and within reach, supporting daily tasks and mobility. Today cradleboards are still used in some communities and are preserved as cultural artifacts, with modern artisans producing replicas for educational purposes, museums, or cultural demonstrations. Contemporary discussion typically emphasizes respectful practice, safe positioning, and acknowledging the cultural significance of cradleboards across diverse groups.