cowpoxi

Cowpox is a viral disease that affects cattle, caused by the cowpox virus, a member of the genus Orthopoxvirus. It is closely related to vaccinia virus, which was famously used by Edward Jenner to develop the first vaccine against smallpox. Cowpox in cattle typically manifests as a mild skin infection, characterized by the appearance of lesions on the teats and udders. These lesions can be initially raised and red, developing into pustules and then scabs. The infection is generally self-limiting, meaning the animals recover without specific treatment.

Transmission of cowpox virus usually occurs through direct contact between infected animals or via contaminated fomites, such as milking equipment. While primarily a disease of cattle, cowpox can also infect other mammals, including cats, humans, and laboratory animals. In humans, cowpox infection, often referred to as cowpoxi, can be contracted through direct contact with infected animals, particularly during the milking of cows or handling of infected cats. Human symptoms typically include a localized rash at the site of inoculation, often accompanied by fever and swollen lymph nodes. The illness is usually mild and resolves on its own. Historically, cowpox was significant because its observation in milkmaids who were exposed to the virus led to the development of the smallpox vaccine, a monumental achievement in public health.