counterattack

A counterattack is an offensive action undertaken in response to an enemy offensive, with the aim of regaining the initiative, retaking lost ground, or exploiting an opponent's momentary weakness. Counterattacks are typically rapid and concentrated, designed to disrupt the attacker’s momentum rather than simply to hold a line. They may be planned in advance or launched as a spur-of-the-moment reaction.

The term derives from the English counter- meaning against and attack, and has been used in military, strategic, and sports contexts since antiquity. While the exact form varies, a counterattack generally seeks to shift the balance of combat from defense to offense.

In military usage, counterattacks are used to halt a breakthrough, destroy enemy lodgments, or force a retreat. They may pursue a breakthrough force, exploit a flank, or strike through gaps opened by the attacker. Successful counterattacks depend on tempo, reserves, reconnaissance, and the ability to disrupt the enemy's synchronization.

In sports and other arenas, counterattacks rely on deflecting or absorbing pressure and then turning it into an offensive opportunity. Examples include a football team transitioning from defense to a rapid break, or a chess player countering a strong attack with a counter-threat. The concept can be applied metaphorically to negotiations and politics.

Risks include overextension, exposure of reserves, and counterattacks by a well-prepared opponent. When well-timed and properly supported, a counterattack can restore momentum, disrupt coordination, and shift strategic initiative.