cosmetico

Cosmetico refers to cosmetics, a broad category of products designed to cleanse, beautify, protect, or alter the appearance of the human body when applied externally or to mucous membranes in the mouth or nose. The term is used in several languages, with cosmesi or cosmético variants in Italian, Spanish, and related tongues. It derives from Greek kosmētikos, through Latin and French, and functions as both an adjective and a noun in everyday usage.

Cosmetics cover a wide range of products and uses. Common categories include skincare (creams, serums, cleansers), makeup (foundation, eyeshadows, lip products), hair care (shampoos, conditioners), fragrances, and oral or personal hygiene items. Some products straddle categories, such as tinted moisturizers or sunscreen combined with skin care benefits.

Regulation and safety are central to the cosmetics field. In the European Union, cosmetics are governed by specific regulations (EC No 1223/2009) that require a safety assessment, a designated Responsible Person, clear labeling, and the use of INCI nomenclature for ingredients. Substances that are prohibited or restricted, testing standards, and consumer information are stipulated to ensure product safety. In the United States, regulatory oversight is exerted by the FDA, which does not require pre-market approval for cosmetics but enforces safety, truthful labeling, and good manufacturing practices.

Ingredients and labeling are key facets. INCI naming helps standardize ingredient lists; certain allergens, preservatives, or UV filters may be subject to restrictions. Ongoing trends in the industry emphasize safety, transparency, cruelty-free and vegan claims, sustainability, and innovations in formulation and delivery systems.