corneoscleral

Corneoscleral is an anatomical and descriptive term referring to the region where the cornea and sclera meet, forming the outer fibrous coat of the eye. The boundary between these two parts is the corneoscleral junction, commonly associated with the limbus. The limbus is a narrow transitional zone around the peripheral edge of the cornea where the corneal epithelium changes to conjunctival epithelium and where a network of blood vessels resides. It also hosts stem cells that contribute to the regeneration of the corneal epithelium, helping maintain the integrity of the ocular surface.

Anatomically, the cornea is a transparent, avascular structure specialized for light transmission, while the sclera is a dense, collagen-rich, usually vascular outer coat that provides shape and protection to the eye. The corneoscleral region thus marks the interface between these two distinct tissues and is important for the continuity and stability of the eye’s outer layer.

Clinically, the corneoscleral junction is relevant in conditions that affect the ocular surface and its blood supply. Pterygium, for example, often originates from the corneoscleral margin and can encroach onto the corneal surface. Limbal stem cell deficiency can disrupt corneal healing and clarity. The region is also a common site for surgical access to the sclera or anterior chamber in ophthalmic procedures and can be involved in inflammatory or degenerative scleral conditions.

Overall, corneoscleral describes the integrated relationship between the cornea and sclera, particularly at their junction in the limbal area, with implications for ocular surface health and surgical approaches.