coordenada

Coordenada is a term used to denote a value or set of values that locates a point within a space relative to a reference system. In mathematics and related fields, coordinates specify position by pairing or grouping numbers with respect to defined axes or directions.

In Cartesian coordinates, a point in the plane is identified by an ordered pair (x, y), where x measures horizontal distance from the origin and y measures vertical distance. In three dimensions, points are written as (x, y, z). Coordinates enable the description of geometric relations, transformations, and measurements.

Other coordinate systems describe positions in different ways. Polar coordinates use (r, θ), where r is the distance from the origin and θ is the angle from a reference direction. Cylindrical coordinates extend this with a height component z, giving (r, θ, z). Spherical coordinates use (ρ, θ, φ) to specify a point by distance from the origin and two angles.

Geographic coordinates locate points on the Earth’s surface, typically using latitude and longitude, sometimes with altitude. These values are expressed in degrees and minutes (or decimal degrees) and are defined within a geographic datum or coordinate reference system, such as WGS 84.

In computing and graphics, coordinates map elements to positions in images, screens, or layouts. For example, pixels in an image are addressed by (column, row) or (x, y), depending on the convention, and user interfaces often use a top-left origin.

Overall, coordenada encompasses the concept of positioning across disciplines, reflecting how space is quantified and navigated.