confezionamento

Confezionamento is the set of operations that convert a product into a packaged form suitable for storage, transport, and sale. It includes choosing appropriate packaging materials, forming and filling containers, sealing, labeling and dating, and the handling of finished units. The process also encompasses quality control, traceability, and the management of packaging waste.

In industry, confezionamento is commonly organized into three levels: confezionamento primario, which involves packaging in direct contact with the product; confezionamento secondario, which groups primary packages for display or handling; and confezionamento terziario, which covers bulk packaging such as palletized loads. The work is performed on manufacturing lines or plants and may be automated or semi-automatic, depending on product and volume.

Materials used include plastics, glass, metal, and paper or composite materials. Packaging design balances protection, shelf life, consumer convenience, and regulatory compliance with environmental considerations such as recyclability and reducing material use. Labels typically include product name, ingredients, nutritional information, expiry or best-before date, lot/batch number, and supplier data.

Regulatory and quality frameworks commonly relevant are GMP and HACCP for food and pharmaceutical products, ISO 9001 for quality management, and ISO 14001 or similar for environmental aspects. Modern confezionamento often relies on automated systems, coding and traceability technologies (barcodes, RFID), and integration with logistics to ensure product safety, authenticity, and efficient distribution.