circussen

Circussen are performing arts events that center on a circular or oval performance space, traditionally under a large tent. They combine a variety of acts, including equestrian skills, acrobatics, aerial performances, juggling, clowning, and magic. Historically, animals such as horses and later other species played prominent roles, though many modern circusses now emphasize human artistry and choreography over animal acts.

The modern circus system emerged in the 18th century in Britain. Philip Astley opened a riding school in London in 1768 with a circular ring, establishing a format that spread across Europe and beyond. By the 19th and 20th centuries, travelling circuses became a widespread form of popular entertainment, touring towns with a “big top,” a rotating cast of performers, and seasonal shows. The program typically featured a fast pace of varied acts, with a host or clown between numbers to maintain continuity and humor.

In recent decades, public concern for animal welfare and changing tastes have transformed the field. Many circusses reduced or eliminated animal acts and have broadened their focus to include contemporary circus traditions that emphasize narrative, theatre, and physical spectacle without animals. Cirque du Soleil and similar ensembles popularized this contemporary approach, influencing circusses worldwide.

In the Netherlands and other parts of Europe, circussen have a long-standing cultural presence and continue to operate as seasonal, regional, or international attractions. They are governed by safety and transport regulations and often collaborate with local communities and festivals. Today circussen represent a blend of traditional skills and modern performance practices within the broader performing arts landscape.