chondroitine

Chondroitine, also known as chondroitin sulfate, is a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan that forms a major part of the extracellular matrix in cartilage. It consists of repeating disaccharide units of N-acetylgalactosamine and glucuronic acid, with varying patterns of sulfation. In cartilage, chondroitin sulfate is attached to core proteins to form proteoglycans, which help provide resistance to compression and contribute to tissue hydration and elasticity.

Chondroitin sulfate is commonly derived from animal sources such as bovine, porcine, or marine cartilage, and is widely available as a dietary supplement. It is frequently used, often in combination with glucosamine, for the management of osteoarthritis symptoms including pain and joint stiffness.

Clinical evidence on efficacy is mixed. Some meta-analyses report small to moderate improvements in pain and function, particularly in knee osteoarthritis, while others find no clinically meaningful benefit compared with placebo. There is no consistent evidence that chondroitin sulfate alters the underlying disease process or slows radiographic progression. Regulatory status varies by country; in many places it is sold as a supplement rather than a prescription drug, and product quality and composition can vary.

Safety considerations are generally favorable for short-term use, with possible gastrointestinal symptoms, headaches, or allergic reactions in some individuals. There is potential for interactions with anticoagulants such as warfarin, and quality concerns exist due to variability in supplement manufacturing. Patients should consult healthcare providers before use, especially if pregnant, breastfeeding, or taking other medications.

Typical dosing ranges from about 800 to 1200 mg per day, usually divided into two or three doses, though dosing should follow product labeling and professional guidance.