cholesterolbalans

Cholesterolbalans refers to the regulatory balance of cholesterol in the human body, reflecting the relationship between cholesterol intake and production, and the removal and transport of cholesterol through lipoproteins. Cholesterol is an essential lipid used in cell membranes and as a precursor for steroid hormones and bile acids. The body maintains balance by coordinating endogenous synthesis in the liver, intestinal absorption of dietary cholesterol, transport via lipoproteins, and excretion mainly as bile acids.

Endogenous synthesis is driven by liver enzymes such as HMG-CoA reductase, while intestinal absorption of dietary cholesterol involves transport proteins like NPC1L1. Cholesterol is carried through the bloodstream by lipoproteins: LDL delivers cholesterol to tissues, and HDL scavenges excess cholesterol from tissues and returns it to the liver for disposal. The liver also converts cholesterol to bile acids, which are secreted into the digestive tract, with a portion lost in feces, providing a major excretion pathway.

Imbalances in cholesterolbalans can arise from genetic factors, diet, physical activity, and medications. Genetic conditions such as familial hypercholesterolemia reduce clearance of LDL and shift the balance toward higher tissue cholesterol. Diets high in saturated fat and cholesterol can raise LDL levels, while regular exercise and weight management tend to improve the profile. Medications, including statins, ezetimibe, and bile acid sequestrants, influence synthesis, absorption, and excretion to restore balance.

Assessment is usually via a lipid panel measuring total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglycerides. Target values vary by age, sex, and cardiovascular risk, and guidelines differ in specifics. Maintaining a favorable cholesterolbalans is linked to lower cardiovascular risk and healthier metabolic regulation.