chloric

Chloric is an adjective used in chemistry to describe chlorine compounds in the +5 oxidation state, most notably chloric acid (HClO3) and its derivatives. In systematic naming, chloric indicates the +5 state of chlorine, contrasting with other chlorine oxyanions such as hypochlorite (ClO−), chlorite (ClO2−), and perchlorate (ClO4−). The term is commonly applied to chlorates, which are salts of chloric acid containing the ClO3− anion.

Chloric acid is a strong oxidizing agent in aqueous solution and is relatively unstable in concentrated form. Chlorates, such as sodium chlorate (NaClO3), are the stable salts derived from chloric acid. They are widely used as bleaching agents and oxidizers in various chemical processes. Industrially, sodium chlorate is produced by the electrolysis of concentrated sodium chloride solutions under alkaline conditions, often referred to as the Dow process, which oxidizes chloride to chlorate.

Safety and handling are important considerations with chloric compounds. They are powerful oxidizers and can react violently with organic materials or reducing agents, especially when heated, ground, or contaminated. Proper storage and handling require separation from fuels and incompatibles, with attention to occupational exposure and environmental release.

Chloric chemistry thus sits between the broader family of chlorine oxyanions and practical applications in bleaching, oxidation, and synthesis. Related terms include chlorate salts, chloric acid, and other chlorine oxyanions such as hypochlorite, chlorite, and perchlorate.