chivalrous

Chivalrous is an adjective describing conduct that is courteous, respectful, and protective, especially toward women. In broader usage, it connotes gallantry and a sense of moral obligation associated with the medieval ideal of chivalry.

Originating from Old French chevalerie meaning "horseman, knights' code," the term is linked to chevalier, or knight, and ultimately to the medieval institution of knighthood. The English form chivalry and the adjective chivalrous reflect this lineage.

During the Middle Ages, knights were expected to uphold a code that included bravery, loyalty, defense of the weak, and courtesy toward women, as well as religious duties. Chivalry was not a uniform practice; it varied by region and class, and historical records reveal both idealized portrayals and critical counterpoints to its gendered expectations.

In modern times, chivalrous is used to describe polite, considerate behavior in everyday life, but it is sometimes debated as reflecting patriarchal social norms. Some view chivalry as a positive standard of civil conduct; others criticize it as outdated or as patronizing protection that reinforces gender inequalities. The term is often discussed in relation to phenomena such as "male courtesy" and acts described as chivalrous.

In literature and film, chivalrous protagonists appear in Arthurian legends, romances, and modern adaptations, where acts of protection, honor, and restraint toward women are central to character development and moral messaging.

Related terms include gallantry, chivalry, chevalier, and knighthood; while "courtesy" and "benevolence" are broader notions that intersect with but are not limited to chivalry.