chemotherapylipiodol

Chemotherapy lipiodol refers to a regional cancer therapy in which chemotherapy agents are mixed with Lipiodol (iodized oil) and administered via branches of the hepatic artery to treat liver tumors, most notably hepatocellular carcinoma. This approach is commonly described under the umbrella of lipiodol-based transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or lipiodol-assisted intra-arterial chemotherapy.

Mechanism and technique: Lipiodol acts as a radiopaque carrier that preferentially accumulates in tumor tissue, providing targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs and, in some protocols, contributing to embolic effect. After catheterization of the hepatic arterial supply, the drug-Lipiodol emulsion is infused, sometimes followed by embolic particles to enhance ischemia and prolong contact between drug and tumor cells. The method aims to maximize local drug exposure while minimizing systemic toxicity.

Drugs and variants: A range of chemotherapeutic agents has been used with Lipiodol, including doxorubicin, cisplatin, epirubicin, and others, with regimens tailored to patient factors and tumor characteristics. Some protocols use Lipiodol alone as a carrier, while others combine it with additional embolic materials or alternative embolic techniques.

Indications, outcomes, and safety: Lipiodol-based chemoembolization is commonly indicated for unresectable primary liver cancer and liver-dominant metastases, particularly in hepatocellular carcinoma. It can improve local tumor control and palliate symptoms, though it is not curative and often requires repeat sessions. Common side effects include post-embolization syndrome (fever, pain, nausea), transient liver function changes, and, less commonly, biliary injury or hepatic decompensation in patients with limited reserve.

See also: Transarterial chemoembolization, hepatic artery infusion.