candidacy

Candidacy refers to the status of being a candidate for a particular position, honor, or credential. It is typically associated with elections but is also used in contexts such as academic degrees or professional memberships. A candidate is someone who seeks selection or appointment by competing with others and presenting qualifications, platforms, or credentials.

In electoral systems, candidacy begins when an individual meets eligibility requirements and files with the relevant authority to be placed on the ballot. Requirements vary by jurisdiction but commonly include age, citizenship, residency, and sometimes designation by a political party. Some systems require petition signatures or filing fees. Candidates may participate in primaries or nominating conventions to win a party's endorsement before appearing on the general election ballot. Campaign activities, reporting of spending, and compliance with electoral laws are often regulated. The outcome of a candidacy is determined by votes; if elected, the individual becomes the officeholder for the designated term, subject to term limits, re-election rules, or judicial disqualification.

Outside politics, candidacy can refer to pursuing a degree or credential, such as doctoral candidacy, where a student has completed required coursework and examinations and is recognized as a candidate for the degree. Candidacy may also apply to appointments to boards, committees, or professional societies, where an applicant competes for membership or an honor.

A candidacy may end by withdrawal, disqualification, defeat on the ballot, or successful election or appointment.