disqualification

Disqualification is the act of declaring someone ineligible or removing them from participation in a competition, activity, or office due to violations, failure to meet requirements, or other disqualifying factors. It is a sanction or exclusion that can be either temporary or permanent, depending on the rules governing the context.

In sports, disqualification is common for rule violations, doping, or unsportsmanlike conduct. In politics or elections, candidates may be disqualified for failing to meet eligibility criteria such as citizenship or age, for criminal convictions, or for conflicts of interest. In education, professional licensing, and corporate governance, individuals may be disqualified for cheating, falsifying credentials, breaches of ethics, or violations of fiduciary duties. The exact grounds and procedures vary by jurisdiction and domain.

Procedures for disqualification typically involve notice to the participant, a review or hearing, and a formal determination. Some cases are automatic under explicit rules, while others require adjudication by a regulatory body or court. Due process standards, including the right to present evidence and appeal the decision, are common in many systems.

The effects of disqualification include removal from competition, loss of titles or positions, ineligibility to run for office, revocation of licenses, and potential fines or penalties. It is distinct from temporary suspensions, probation, or other sanctions, although suspensions can precede or accompany disqualification. Reinstatement may be possible if the individual meets specified conditions or appeals a decision successfully.