cancertestis

Cancertestis is a term encountered in informal discussions to denote cancers of the testis. It is not a standard clinical diagnosis in contemporary medical literature; clinicians typically describe the condition as testicular cancer, most often germ cell tumors, including seminomas and non-seminomatous tumors, or by histology and stage.

Clinical features commonly include a painless lump or enlargement of one testicle, sometimes accompanied by scrotal swelling, a feeling of heaviness, or mild pain. Risk factors include a history of cryptorchidism (undescended testicle), a family history of testicular cancer, prior related tumors, and certain infertility issues. The condition can metastasize primarily to retroperitoneal lymph nodes, with potential spread to the lungs, liver, or brain if advanced.

Diagnosis relies on a combination of physical examination, scrotal ultrasound, serum tumor markers (AFP, beta-hCG, LDH), and imaging studies for staging, such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Definitive diagnosis is by histopathology after surgical removal of the affected testicle (orchiectomy).

Standard management is staged and risk-adapted. Initial treatment is inguinal orchiectomy. Depending on stage and histology, options include surveillance, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, radiotherapy (especially for seminomas), and combination chemotherapy (e.g., BEP: bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin). Prognosis is favorable, with high cure rates in most stages, particularly for early-detected disease. Fertility and testosterone function may be affected; discuss preservation and replacement options as needed.