butane12diol

Butane-1,2-diol, commonly written as 1,2-butanediol, is a four-carbon difunctional alcohol with the chemical formula C4H10O2. It contains two hydroxyl groups on adjacent carbon atoms, making it a diol and a versatile building block in organic synthesis. The molecule has one stereogenic center at carbon-2, giving two enantiomers (R and S); commercial samples are often sold as a racemate.

Physically, butane-1,2-diol is a colorless, viscous liquid that is miscible with water and many organic solvents. It has a relatively high boiling point for a small diol and exhibits hydrogen-bonding, which influences its solvent properties and reactivity. It is relatively stable under normal conditions but is flammable and should be handled away from heat sources.

Production and sources vary. Industrial routes include chemical synthesis from carbonyl-containing precursors via hydrogenation and related transformations. It can also be obtained, in some cases, as a fermentation product from biomass-derived feeds, reflecting its use as a biobased chemical intermediate in certain contexts.

Uses and applications are broad. It serves as a solvent in coatings, dyes, and electronics, and as a chemical intermediate for the production of esters, ethers, and other derivatives. It can be employed as a humectant and solvent in cosmetics and personal care products, and as a building block for polymers, plasticizers, and specialty chemicals.

Safety and handling: butane-1,2-diol is flammable and can irritate skin, eyes, and the respiratory tract. It should be stored in tightly closed containers, kept away from heat and oxidizers, and handled with appropriate protective equipment. Proper waste disposal and regulatory compliance are advised.