C4H10O2

C4H10O2 is a molecular formula corresponding to several saturated, acyclic organic compounds containing four carbon atoms and two oxygen atoms. Because the formula yields a zero degree of unsaturation (no rings or pi bonds), all isomers are composed of single bonds and are often classified as diols (two hydroxyl groups) or as ethers with a single hydroxyl group in one substituent. The physical properties of these isomers can vary widely, reflecting differences in shape, polarity, and hydrogen-bonding potential.

Major structural isomers fall into two broad groups. First are the four butanediols, which have two hydroxyl groups on the four-carbon chain: 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, and 1,4-butanediol. Each isomer has distinct isomeric forms and stereochemistry in some cases, leading to different boiling points and solubilities. Second are ether–alcohol isomers, which contain an ether linkage and one hydroxyl group, such as 2-ethoxyethanol (ethylene glycol ethyl ether). These compounds combine ether and alcohol properties and are used as solvents and intermediates in various chemical processes. Other constitutional isomers in this formula class arise from different arrangements of an ether linkage and hydroxyl-bearing carbon skeleton, but they share the same molecular formula.

In summary, C4H10O2 represents multiple structurally diverse compounds, with diols and ether–alcohols being the principal families. The exact structure determines properties and potential applications in synthesis, industry, and research.