bullpup

A bullpup is a firearm configuration in which the action and magazine are located behind the trigger group, rather than in front of it as in conventional designs. This arrangement places much of the weapon’s length behind the trigger, allowing a shorter overall gun length for a given barrel length. In most bullpups the trigger mechanism connects to the rear-positioned action by a linkage or uses a dedicated trigger module.

The primary advantage of the bullpup layout is a more compact weapon without sacrificing barrel length, which can improve maneuverability in confined spaces and vehicles while preserving ballistic performance. Other potential benefits include a more favorable balance for some shooters and the possibility of a longer barrel in a shorter stock. Disadvantages can include a steeper learning curve for aiming and manipulation, a different hand positions for controls, and ambidexterity challenges related to ejection and controls, depending on the model. The trigger feel can also be affected by the linkage or design, and some models require more complex maintenance.

Bullpup designs have been adopted and refined by several countries. Notable examples include the Steyr AUG from Austria, the FAMAS from France, and the SA80/L85 from the United Kingdom. Other widely known bullpups include the Israeli TAR-21, and various Chinese and Russian models such as the QBZ-95 and Type 95, as well as several compact and specialized weapons developed for military and law enforcement use. The concept has been applied to rifles, carbines, submachine guns, and some shotguns, with ongoing work on ergonomics and ambidextrous operation.