buai

Buai refers to the betel nut chewing habit, especially in Papua New Guinea and parts of the Pacific. The term typically denotes the areca nut from Areca catechu, which is commonly chewed after being wrapped in a betel leaf (Piper betle) and moistened with lime (calcium hydroxide). People may also add tobacco, spices, or sweeteners. The combination is chewed for a mild stimulant effect and to produce a reddened saliva.

Buai chewing is a widespread social and cultural practice in many communities. It is often shared in social settings, used to extend hospitality, and linked to local economies through farming, trading, and roadside stalls. Preparation and chewing styles vary by region, reflecting local traditions and preferences.

Health considerations are a significant aspect of buai use. Areca nut contains alkaloids such as arecoline and is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as carcinogenic to humans, particularly when used with tobacco. Long-term chewing can cause dental wear and staining, oral mucosal changes, and an increased risk of oral cancers. The health impacts can be influenced by frequency of use, additives, and overall lifestyle.

Geographically, buai chewing is common not only in Papua New Guinea but also across parts of South and Southeast Asia and Melanesia. In Papua New Guinea, it remains deeply embedded in daily life, even as health campaigns and regulations address litter, public health concerns, and youth access. The practice supports various smallholder farmers and traders, illustrating its ongoing social and economic relevance.