areca

Areca refers to a small group within the palm family, of which Areca catechu is by far the most significant species. The areca palm, also called the betel nut palm, is native to tropical South and Southeast Asia and is now grown in many tropical regions. The nut produced by this tree is widely traded and used in various cultural practices.

The tree is a tall, slender palm that can reach roughly 15 to 25 meters in height. It has pinnate leaves and produces a branched flowering inflorescence. The fruit is an ovoid drupe that ripens to a yellow or orange color, and inside is the areca nut, the portion most commonly processed and consumed.

The areca nut is traditionally chewed in many parts of Asia, usually wrapped in a betel leaf with lime (calcium hydroxide) and sometimes other flavorings or ingredients. This practice provides a mild stimulant effect due to alkaloids such as arecoline. In many regions, the nut is also processed into products like supari, gutkha, or pan masala and may be sold separately or with other additives. The activity is culturally embedded in ceremonies, social rituals, and everyday life, but it is also associated with health risks.

Health considerations and regulation: Regular areca nut chewing has been linked to a range of oral health issues, including an increased risk of cancers in the oral cavity and pharynx, as well as other conditions. The World Health Organization and other health authorities warn about potential dependence and long-term health effects, particularly when combined with tobacco.

Cultivation and economic role: Areca palms are cultivated on small to medium plantations, often by local farmers. Harvesting typically begins several years after planting, and productive lifespans can span many decades. Major producers include India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Malaysia.