bromsar

Bromsar are devices that slow or stop movement by converting kinetic energy into heat through friction. They are used on road vehicles, bicycles and many types of machinery. In motor vehicles, braking systems are typically distributed to each wheel and operated from the driver through a pedal and a master cylinder, with hydraulic lines delivering pressure to the wheel brakes.

The two main brake configurations are disc brakes and drum brakes. Disc brakes use a caliper to squeeze friction pads against a rotating disc (rotor), generating stopping force that is efficient and predictable at various speeds. Drum brakes rely on shoes pressing outward against the interior of a spinning drum, a design that can be cost-effective for rear axles in some vehicles. Most modern cars use disc brakes on the front axle, with either discs or drums on the rear axle.

Key components include brake pads or shoes, rotors or drums, calipers or wheel cylinders, brake fluid, and the master cylinder. The system relies on hydraulic pressure transmitted through brake fluid; heat from repeated braking must be managed to avoid fade.

Advanced braking systems incorporate electronic assistance and safety features. Anti-lock braking systems (ABS) prevent wheel lock during hard braking, while electronic brake-force distribution (EBD) adjusts braking power between wheels. In electric and hybrid vehicles, regenerative braking can recover part of the kinetic energy by using the traction motor to slow the vehicle.

Maintenance basics involve checking pad or shoe thickness, rotor or drum wear, fluid level and condition, and inspecting for leaks or noises. Proper upkeep helps ensure consistent stopping power and vehicle safety.