bitesstings

Bites and stings refer to injuries caused by organisms that contact humans, either by biting with mouthparts or by injecting venom through a stinger. The combined term is used to describe a range of reactions from mild local symptoms to potentially life-threatening allergic responses.

Common causes include insects such as mosquitoes, fleas, ticks, and ants; venomous Hymenoptera like bees, wasps, and hornets; and arachnids such as spiders. Marine organisms, including jellyfish, can sting, while some reptiles may bite. Stings deliver venom through a specialized apparatus, whereas bites involve puncture wounds created by mouthparts. Some animals may both bite and sting in different situations.

Symptoms vary by agent and individual. Local reactions typically include pain, redness, swelling, and itching. Bites can transmit infections or cause fever. A systemic allergic reaction, or anaphylaxis, is a medical emergency and may involve trouble breathing, throat swelling, dizziness, or fainting. Tick bites can transmit diseases such as Lyme disease; certain marine stings can cause severe pain and tissue damage.

First aid and treatment often include washing the area with soap and water, removing any stinger by scraping (not squeezing), and applying a cold pack to reduce swelling. Oral antihistamines and topical corticosteroids can help itching; pain relievers may be used as needed. Seek urgent care for signs of anaphylaxis, spreading infection, fever, or if the person is a child, elderly, pregnant, or has a known severe allergy. Medical advice is advised for persistent pain, swelling, or suspected disease transmission from a bite or sting.

Prevention involves avoiding known stinging insects, using effective insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, performing regular tick checks after outdoor activity, and keeping tetanus vaccination up to date.