biopties

A biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small sample of tissue is removed from the body for examination under a microscope. This diagnostic test is essential for identifying diseases such as cancer, infections, or inflammatory conditions. Biopsies help healthcare professionals determine the nature of abnormal growths, lesions, or other suspicious areas detected through imaging, physical exams, or lab tests.

There are several types of biopsies, each suited to different purposes and body locations. A core needle biopsy involves inserting a thin needle to extract a small cylinder of tissue, often used for breast or prostate examinations. In contrast, an excisional biopsy removes an entire lump or suspicious area, while a fine-needle aspiration (FNA) uses a thin needle to draw out cells or fluid, commonly for thyroid or lymph node evaluations. Surgical biopsies, such as an incisional biopsy, involve the removal of a portion of a larger mass, often for tumors too large to remove entirely.

The procedure may be performed under local anesthesia, sedation, or general anesthesia, depending on the site and complexity. Risks are generally low but can include bleeding, infection, or damage to surrounding tissues. Results typically take several days to weeks, as the tissue sample is sent to a pathologist who examines it for cellular abnormalities or signs of disease.

Biopsies play a critical role in cancer diagnosis, allowing for precise staging and treatment planning. They also aid in diagnosing non-cancerous conditions like infections, autoimmune diseases, or organ dysfunction. Advances in imaging and biopsy techniques, such as ultrasound-guided or robotic-assisted procedures, have improved accuracy and reduced patient discomfort. Proper preparation, follow-up care, and communication with healthcare providers ensure the best outcomes from this diagnostic tool.