bifaced

Bifaced refers to an object, typically a tool or weapon, that has been worked on both sides, or faces. This term is most commonly used in the context of archaeology and paleontology, particularly when discussing stone tools from the Paleolithic era. Bifacial tools are created through a process called bifacial knapping, where a core stone is flaked on both surfaces to create a sharp edge or point.

The most well-known examples of bifacial tools are hand axes, which are teardrop-shaped tools with edges sharpened on both sides. These tools were used by early humans for a variety of tasks, including cutting, scraping, and digging. The bifacial technique allows for the creation of a stronger, more durable tool, as the flaking process removes weaker areas of the stone and concentrates the force along the sharp edge.

Bifacial tools have been found on every continent except Antarctica, and their production and use span a significant portion of human history. The earliest known bifacial tools date back to around 1.76 million years ago, with the Oldowan industry, and continue through the Acheulean, Mousterian, and other subsequent cultures. The bifacial technique demonstrates early humans' understanding of stone properties and their ability to manipulate these materials to create effective tools.

In addition to hand axes, other types of bifacial tools include knives, scrapers, and points, which were often used as arrowheads or spear tips. The bifacial technique is not limited to stone tools; it can also be applied to other materials, such as bone, antler, and wood. However, these materials are less likely to survive the test of time, making stone bifacial tools the most common examples found in the archaeological record.